Hossein Esfandiar; Ali Fallahrafie
Abstract
Metaphysical-conceptual thinking is a thinking that talks about existence with existence and tries to search for truth through conceptual explorations. This type of thinking is considered the original human thinking by metaphysicians. But "thinking" cannot be exclusive to it; Rather, we can ...
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Metaphysical-conceptual thinking is a thinking that talks about existence with existence and tries to search for truth through conceptual explorations. This type of thinking is considered the original human thinking by metaphysicians. But "thinking" cannot be exclusive to it; Rather, we can talk about an existential thinking that does not have a metaphysical-conceptual nature and instead of the existence, it cares about the "truth of existence" and questions it. This thinking, which is called existential thinking, can be proposed in the space of the Islamic intellectual-mystical tradition. Therefore, the main problem of this article is to "investigate the possibilities of Ibn Arabi's teachings in developing a kind of existential-non-metaphysical thinking. We are trying to provide a new analysis of existential thinking based on the mystical foundations of Ibn Arabi, using a library-analytical method and using the subject principle method. Therefore, by examining his teachings such as: the centrality of the truth of existence in mysticism; distinguish between being and existing; Kashf al-Mahjub; Manifestation; The mirroring of creatures to existence; openness and personal knowledge of existence; The capacity of his thought to develop a kind of existential thinking becomes clear, which claims to understand the existence through the encounter and presence (preconceptual) with the existence and a method other than the usual metaphysical reasoning. Therefore, "existential thinking" begins by focusing on the truth of existence and opening to it, then by paying attention to the poverty of existence and focusing on it, man realizes the dignity of his existence and his direct relationship to existence, and by discovering the veils of manifestations Existence is the manifestation and emergence of the truth of existence in the field of human soul. At this moment, he passes from the part to the whole and from the external to the internal and sees the absolute in the binding matter. Therefore, thinking occurs as the discovery of veiled and interpretation and promises another thought, man and world.
Reza Jalili; Morteza Khosroshahi
Abstract
Ibn Taymiyyah claims that “Fixed Entities” should be considered as one of the important pillars of the Unity Theory. He believes that the stable non-existent and considering it as an object by Ibn Arabi is blasphemous and worse than Eternal Fixed (Sabetate Azali) which stated by Mutazila. ...
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Ibn Taymiyyah claims that “Fixed Entities” should be considered as one of the important pillars of the Unity Theory. He believes that the stable non-existent and considering it as an object by Ibn Arabi is blasphemous and worse than Eternal Fixed (Sabetate Azali) which stated by Mutazila. This study attempts to discover Ibn aymiyyah’s ideas by descriptive-analytical method. Ibn taymiyyah can be considered as does not have enough knowledge about mysticism and its terms. since in all his works, he has criticized its principles and foundations with an academic and materialistic mind, as well as without paying attention to the common mystical language and terms. Fixed entities in Ibn Arabi's point of view, in second determination of the Almighty, have a fixed objectivity, not an existential object and is directly related to the manifestation of divine names and attributes. Accordingly, the believes that the divine names emerge through the path of the fixed entities and the external entities are the manifestations and existential effects of the fixed entities. Therefore, it should be said: neither the defects of the eternal fixed (Sabetate Azali) affect this theory nor the criticisms of Ibn Taymiyyah. Ibn Taymiyyah's critique is rooted in his ontological and epistemological foundations.
