تبیین چیستی عمل متناظر با رابطه باور، منش و رفتار (با تکیه بر دیدگاه صدرالمتالهین شیرازی)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدرسی معارف، گروه مدرسی معارف اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

توجه به رابطه باور، منش و رفتار می‌تواند تعریف متفاوتی از عمل را بدست دهد. هدف این مقاله نیل به تعریفی از عمل با توجه به این رابطه است که با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی دنبال می‌شود.صدرا با قید «آگاهی مقدم برعمل» عمل را ازفعل متمایز می‌سازد.آگاه‌سازی برعهده عقل عملی است که به‌واسطه‌ عقل‌ نظری، کلیات را ادراک می‌کند. سه‌ مؤلفه‌ هر یک از مقامات دین یعنی علوم، احوال و اعمال به اعتباری لواحق و به اعتباری سوابق هستند. تکرار اعمالِ مسبوق به آگاهیِ حاصل از عقل ‌عملی، موجب پیدایش ملکات و اخلاق در نفس می‌‌شود و ملکات، معرفت را در پی دارند. ثمره این معرفت، حال و ملکه است که موجب صدور عمل می‌‌شوند. عمل مسبوق به معرفت بیشتر، ملکات راسخ‌تری را حاصل می‌سازد و بار دیگر ملکات برعملکرد معرفتی نفس تأثیر می‌گذارد. از این نگاه، اعمال مُعِدّاتی برای حصول حکمت و مقدمه معرفتند. اعمال و ملکات همگی به تصفیه‌ قلب باز می‌‌گردند که امری عدمی است و معنای آن رفع مانع حاصل از عوالم حواس، از رسیدن به حقیقت است. از این‌رو نقش عمل در این رابطه، تبعی و عرضی است و ذاتا و بالاصاله مقصود نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining Action by the Relationship between Belief, Character and Behavior in Mulla Sadra’s Philosophy

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyede Zeynab Hosseini 1
  • Ebrahim Noei 2
1 Ph.D. student of Islamic Studies, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology and Religions, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 . Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology and Religions, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Focusing on the interconnection between belief, character, and behavior can yield a novel understanding of the concept of 'action'. This research aims to formulate a definition of 'action' based on this relationship, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology. Sadra distinguishes 'action' from a mere doing by positing that 'awareness precedes action'. Practical intellect is responsible for cultivating this awareness, which is facilitated by theoretical intellect's grasp of universal concepts. Each of the three components of religious stations—knowledge, states, and actions—can be viewed both as consequences and antecedents. The repeated performance of actions preceded by awareness, derived from practical intellect, gives rise to acquired dispositions and ethics within the soul. Subsequently, these dispositions foster knowledge. The outcome of this knowledge is a state and a disposition that catalyze actions. Actions preceded by deeper knowledge result in more solidified dispositions, which, in turn, influence the soul's knowledge-based functioning. From this perspective, actions are preparatory steps towards attaining wisdom and serve as precursors to knowledge. Both actions and dispositions are ultimately linked to the purification of the heart, a process of negation that involves removing the obstacles imposed by the sensory realms to reach the ultimate truth. Consequently, the role of action in this relationship is secondary and incidental rather than being the intrinsic or primary objective.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • action
  • elements of action
  • relationship of belief
  • character and behavior
  • dispositions
  • Mulla Sadra

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