Mulla Sadra’s Four Innovative Principles in Al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah for Rejecting Mutakallimun’s Theory of the Mere Spiritual Perfectibility in the World of Purgatory

Document Type : Scientific-research

Authors

1 Full professor of Allameh Tabatabai University (RA), Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Allameh Tabatabai University (RA), Tehran Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

3 Doctoral student of Islamic Studies, Department of Theoretical Foundations of Islam, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Allameh University Tabatabaei (RA). Tehran, Iran (corresponding author)

Abstract

Using a descriptive and analytic method, the present paper has analyzed the rejection of Mutakallimun’s theory of the mere spiritual perfectibility of man in the world of Purgatory, based on the innovative principles of Mulla Sadra’s Transcendent Philosophy in Al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah. In this paper, we have tried to examine and explain the concept of purgatory perfectibility and to emphasize on the realization of purgatory perfectibility from the perspective of the Qur’an and the Islamic traditions, based on the certain religious doctrines. Then, we have considered “the true perfection of the Soul”, which is an inner journey “from Self to the Self”, and on this basis, we have examined the conflict between the views of Mutakallimun and the Sadraean Transcendent Philosophy about the definition of the true reality of man and its degrees. Finally, we have discussed on the rejection of Mutakallimun’s restricting the perfectibility to “the intellectual and spiritual perfectibility”, based on Mulla Sadra’s four ontological and epistemological principles about the possibility of practical and bodily purgatory perfectibility, which include “the agency of the rational soul and its essential sufficiency”, “the place of the souls in having the most subtle substantiality and the most intense spirituality”, “the perfections and the sovereignty of the faculty of imagination in the world of Purgatory”, and “the subtlety and lightness of the rational soul”.

Keywords

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