Document Type : Scientific-research

Author

• saleh hasanzadeh

Faculty of Allameh Tabatabai University

Abstract

The concept of God and His relationship with the world and human beings, together with ontology, has been one of the main preoccupations of philosophy and theology. In other words, the question of God and His relationship with the world has always occupied the mind and thought of man. Everyone answers this question according to his own beliefs. From the beginning of the Age of Enlightenment, these answers were transformed in Kantian philosophy; he claimed that pure reason is not the originator of the conceptions of God. He considers the fundamental questions of metaphysics, namely, the soul, God and the world, not justifiable from the point of view of pure reason. Of course, Kant did not dismiss these concepts. With the critique of pure reason, he proved that the moral life necessitates the existence of God as an axiom. The reason is that moral action is the source of felicity. Man is incapable of living without morality, and godless morality leads to doing business. So morality necessarily leads man to God and religion. Kant used the term "authority" of Man which means free will. Free will is the basis of morality, i.e. doing the good action (virtue) and abstaining from the evil action (vice). Since the rewards of virtue and punishments for vice are not obtainable in this world, the soul must remain after death to receive reward or punishment and there must be an entity (God) to reward for virtue and punish for vice. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the ontology and position of God in Kantian philosophy.
 

Keywords

• God
• pure reason
• free will
• morality
• Kant