mehdi azadparvr
Abstract
Understanding the divine attributes and clarifying their meaning accurately has always been one of the challenges of Islamic thinkers. Through distinguishing between concept and instance, Mulla Sadra tried to devise a method through which he could foreground the cognitivity of divine attributes without ...
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Understanding the divine attributes and clarifying their meaning accurately has always been one of the challenges of Islamic thinkers. Through distinguishing between concept and instance, Mulla Sadra tried to devise a method through which he could foreground the cognitivity of divine attributes without making them equal to creatures’ attributes. From Mulla Sadra’s point of view, God’s attributes like knowledge, power, eternal-living and agency are similar to existence as a universal fact which applies to all beings. In some passages, Mulla Sadra denies the conceptual synonymy of the divine attributes, and in some others, he accepts it. This difference can be attributed to the oneness and unity of God, the Almighty. According to Mulla Sadra in relation to God’s predicative attributes, one should pay attention to the essence of meaning. This method, which is the method of science advocates, does not lead to meaning interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an and does not contradict the form of the verses. It, in fact, complements the literal meaning.
Nafiseh Sadeghi; zakaria baharnezhad
Abstract
The present study is concerned with the essence of the concept of renewal of archetypes and its effect on the clarification of the creation theory and its relation with God the Almighty from the viewpoint of Ash'arites and Rumi. It is a systematic attempt to provide an answer to the key question of whether ...
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The present study is concerned with the essence of the concept of renewal of archetypes and its effect on the clarification of the creation theory and its relation with God the Almighty from the viewpoint of Ash'arites and Rumi. It is a systematic attempt to provide an answer to the key question of whether there are any differences between these two viewpoints with regard to the issue of renewal of archetypes. Assuming that there are differences, what are the major differences? It is hypothesized that there are differences between the viewpoints of Ash'arites and Rumi. Due to their religious and specific beliefs, although Ash'arites generalize God’s will and power to all the creatures, they consider it illegitimate to apply the renewal of etypes to objects and types of primary substance. They maintain this principle applicable only to outward appearances. However, Rumi takes a mystical view on this issue. He believes that the renewal of archetypes includes both outward appearances and primary substances. The present study has adopted a library descriptive-analytic research method.
Parisa Taheri Vala; Abbas Javareshkian; َAlireza Kohansal
Abstract
Various disciplines including philosophy have made concerted efforts to identify and define soul and Ibn-e-Sina and Mulla Sadra, as the developers of two important intellectual and philosophical schools, have also dealt with this important issue. Adopting a library research method, the present study ...
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Various disciplines including philosophy have made concerted efforts to identify and define soul and Ibn-e-Sina and Mulla Sadra, as the developers of two important intellectual and philosophical schools, have also dealt with this important issue. Adopting a library research method, the present study is concerned with the views of these two thinkers on the issue of soul. It tries to find out the commonalities and differences between these two thinkers’ views on this issue. There is a relationship between the definitions and the principles of a philosophical system. In other words, differences in definitions reflect differences in the principles of the philosophical system. The study and analysis of the definition of the soul in the philosophical systems of Ibn-e-Sina and Mulla Sadra, in addition to clarifying and comparing the specific views of the two in this regard, can also lead to the identification of their theoretical foundations. Although defining the soul in terms of “first perfection for the natural body" and "being a simple single essence", is agreed upon by both philosophers, in other cases such as the origins of the soul, its persistence and etc., we find fundamental differences between the two that are addressed in this article.
amir hossein mostaghim; jamshid jalali sheyjani
Abstract
The present article is concerned with the essence of man and his states of perfection from Ayn-al-Qużāt Hamadānī’s viewpoint. His anthropology, like that of other mystics, is based on the theory of manifestation, according to which the whole universe, including man, is the ‘manifestation’ ...
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The present article is concerned with the essence of man and his states of perfection from Ayn-al-Qużāt Hamadānī’s viewpoint. His anthropology, like that of other mystics, is based on the theory of manifestation, according to which the whole universe, including man, is the ‘manifestation’ of the existence of God. According to mystics, man is the perfect manifestation of God and therefore has the utmost similarity and consistency with His being. According to Ayn-al-Qużāt, man is a two-dimensional being composed of soul and body, but his essence originates from his spiritual dimension. Like philosophers, he considers the soul as an abstract being and as a result he has raised objections against theologians who deny the abstract nature of the soul. He considers their views blasphemous and contrary to the Qur'an and Tradition; At the same time, he rejects the philosophers’ view that man is a ‘rational animal’. He considers ‘insight’, perceived by intuitive knowledge and spiritual vision, as the most important human characteristic. In addition, he believes in the heavenly nature of man that has been imparted to him from the higher world. He highlights the mediatory function of the existence of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and asserts that "after a person becomes intoxicated with the wine of knowledge, when he reaches the perfection of intoxication and reaches his highest state, the soul of Muhammad (PBUH) will appear to him." His view of the Prophet of Islam stems from the same view based on the manifestation that reveals the knowledge of God to the wayfarer man. Our findings show that whatever Ayn-al-Qużāt has mentioned about human beings and existential perfection is taken from the Qur'an and Tradition, and that he was a true Muslim believer who adhered to the Shari'a and he himself practiced it. The method adopted in this study is descriptive-analytical.
Hosein Gerami
Abstract
One of the fundamental anthropological issues that has multiple theological consequences is the unity or plurality of human nature. Fakhr-e-Razi is a Muslim thinker who has considered the multiplicity of human nature and has used verses, narrations, induction, and exploration to argue for his theory. ...
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One of the fundamental anthropological issues that has multiple theological consequences is the unity or plurality of human nature. Fakhr-e-Razi is a Muslim thinker who has considered the multiplicity of human nature and has used verses, narrations, induction, and exploration to argue for his theory. Examination of the arguments provided by Fakhr-e-Razi shows that they merely show the multiplicity of human beings and that none of them can support his claim for the plurality of human nature. The logical form of Fakhr-e-Razi's theory is that he considers human states and attributes such as jealousy, avarice, generosity and courage as constituents that lead to the realization of human types, while such attributes do not have the characteristics of logical constituents. In addition, the theory of the multiplicity of human nature has unacceptable consequences such as the collapse of all constitutional arguments, determinism, skepticism of commandments, the impossibility of legislation for society and the impossibility of establishing humanities. The present study has adopted a descriptive, analytical-critical library method.
soraya barzegarnezhad; hamid hoseini; ali hosein ehteshami
Abstract
Although the category of "lifestyle" is a new addition to the modern social sciences and psychology, the main elements of lifestyle are not new topics. What appears to be new are the methods of studying this category and not its main constitutive elements. The subject of lifestyle has always been ...
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Although the category of "lifestyle" is a new addition to the modern social sciences and psychology, the main elements of lifestyle are not new topics. What appears to be new are the methods of studying this category and not its main constitutive elements. The subject of lifestyle has always been of interest to followers of religions and human schools of throughout history. In addition to the explication of their principles, the divine messengers, theologians, mystics, philosophers, literary men, historians and others have tried to transfer their ideal and desirable way of life to their students and readers, and this important goal has been achieved through modeling and imitation. Even in cases where the imitation of modeling has not been specified by a religion and a school of thought, this work has occurred spontaneously. The present article is an attempt to examine Imam Ali’s (AS) expressed thoughts in the form of sermons, letters, and insights from his noble book, Nahj al-Balagheh, to identify the constructive and influential elements of his desirable lifestyle, as well as some obstacles and factors hindering it. The authors have done their best to study lifestyle considered optimal by Imam Ali's (AS), but since Imam's words about lifestyle are so extensive, it is not possible to study all of them and their dimensions in one article.
hossein hatamvand; hossein falsafi; ali fathollahi
Abstract
The method of mystical behavior and how to acquire it is one of the most important issues and major concerns of mystics. In contrast with gnostic divine attraction which occurs instantaneously, the method of mystical behavior is dependent on hard work and perseverance and is achieved gradually. The main ...
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The method of mystical behavior and how to acquire it is one of the most important issues and major concerns of mystics. In contrast with gnostic divine attraction which occurs instantaneously, the method of mystical behavior is dependent on hard work and perseverance and is achieved gradually. The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate through documenting Ibn Sina’s works and making use of what mentioned by some of his commentators that he, in addition to adhering to the spiritual journey as implied by his philosophical method, has diverged from the method of rational discussion in later stages of his life and approached the intuitional illuminative method which was later expanded by Sohravardi. In some of his works, especially at the end of his life, he has deviated from the pure argumentative and rational method and approached the intuitive and illuminative method of presence which was later expanded by Suhrawardi. The evidence for this claim comes from his own works. If his exquisite work entitled The Wisdom of the Orientals remained intact, we could have been in a better position to discuss his mystical dimension more clearly. Our findings show that the great sage was a man of conduct and austerity, and that some of the evil deeds attributed to him were fabrications of his enemies and opponents. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical and to some extent phenomenological.