نقد مبانی تساهل در لیبرالیسم کلاسیک از منظر علم و دین (اسلام)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه فقه سیاسی، دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

کلیسای قرون وسطی استفاده از اجبار را برای هدایت انسان‌ها مطلوب می‌دانست؛ پس از رنسانس، متفکرانی همچون «جان لاک» برای مقابله با این رویکرد و دفاع از آزادیِ دینی، نظریه «تساهل» را مطرح کردند. تساهل، در غرب و اندیشه لیبرالی، بر مبانی همچون اصالت آزادی، فردگرایی، نسبیت‌گرایی و عقلانیت رفتاری استوار است. برخی حتی آن را با آموزه‌های دینی نیز هماهنگ، و مخالفت با آن را نشانه تحجر فکری و دینی می‌دانند. در این مقاله، سعی شده تا با ادله علمی و دینی، مبانی نظری تساهل در لیبرالیسم کلاسیک، نقد و بررسی شود. روش پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی و شیوه گردآوری داده‌ها کتابخانه‌ای است. براساس یافته‌ها، این نظریه به صورتی که در لیبرالیسم کلاسیک و غرب مطرح شده، نه در حوزه نظر و نه در عمل با توفیق همراه نبوده و نیازمند بازنگری و اصلاح و تعدیل است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Criticism of The Foundations of Tolerance in Classical Liberalism from The Perspective of Science and Religion (Islam)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayyed mohammadreza Marandi 1
  • fatemeh vojdani 2
1 Department of Political Jurisprudence, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The Church during the Middle Ages believed that using force to guide people was desirable. However, following the Renaissance, thinkers like John Locke introduced the theory of "tolerance" to challenge this approach and advocate for religious freedom. This theory, in Western and liberal thought, is based on principles such as the originality of freedom, individualism, relativism, and behavioral rationality. Some even argue that it is compatible with religious teachings, and consider to protest it as a sign of intellectual and religious rigidity. In this article, an effort has been made to critique the theoretical foundations of tolerance in classical liberalism using both scientific and religious arguments. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data collection method is library-based. According to the findings, this theory, as presented in classical liberalism and Western thought, has been unsuccessful both in theory and practice, and requires revision and modification.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • tolerance
  • freedom
  • individualism
  • relativism
  • classical liberalism
  • behavioral rationalism

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