مفهوم سعادت در اندیشه کنفوسیوس

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ادیان و عرفان، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه کلام ‌اسلامی (فلسفه‌دین)، ‌پیام‌نور تهران‌، مرکزتحصیلات ‌تکمیلی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در این مقاله، به بررسی تحلیلی مفهوم سعادت در اندیشه کنفوسیوس، یکی از بزرگ‌ترین فرزانگان چین باستان، به ویژه کتاب لون یو پرداخته شده است. کنفوسیوس، که مکتب اخلاقیش فضیلت گراست، در لون یو، سعادت واقعی را سعادت اخلاقی دانسته و معتقد است که خوشبختی در درجه نخست، نه در لذت مادی، بلکه در لذت اخلاقی است. وی اصول سعادت را عبارت از پرورش اخلاقی خود از طریق یادگیری مداوم، دستیابی به فضیلت انسانی مانند خیرخواهی، عدالت، شایستگی، و حکمت، حفظ هماهنگی یا صلح بین خود و خانواده، دیگران یا اجتماع و رام کردن و مقهور ساختن نفس خود و بازگشت به شایستگی و آداب دانی و مراسم سنتی می‌داند. او سعادت را تحقق فضیلت کامل در زندگی فردی و اجتماعی دانسته است و خوبی و نیکوکار بودن را لازمه سعادت تلقی می‌کند. کنفوسیوس‌ با قرار دادن اخلاق به عنوان پیش‌شرط سعادت، به این نکته می‌پردازد که سعادت را می‌توان از طریق «معرفت، خیرخواهی، و هماهنگی بین اعضای اجتماع» به دست آورد. از این‌رو، سعادت دیگران بخش مهمی از خوشبختی ماست. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Concept of happiness in Confucian Thought

نویسندگان [English]

  • gorban gelmi 1
  • Ahmad Dastoori 2
1 Department of Religions and Mysticism, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Islamic Theology (Philosophy of Religion), University of Piyamanur, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This article analyzes the concept of happiness in the thought of Confucius, one of the greatest sages of ancient China, especially in the book Lun Yu. First of all, in Lun Yu, Confucius considers true happiness moral happiness and believes that happiness is primarily not in physical pleasure but in moral pleasure. He defined the principles of happiness as moral education through continuous learning, achieving human virtues such as benevolence, justice, merit, and wisdom, maintaining harmony or peace between oneself and one's family, others, or the community, and individual and subduing one's ego and returning to merit, etiquette and traditional ceremony. Confucius believes happiness to be the perfect virtue in a simple social life. Being good and benevolent is necessary for happiness. By placing morality as a prerequisite for happiness, Confucius points out that happiness can be achieved through "knowledge, benevolence, and harmony among members of society." So others’ happiness is part and parcel of our happiness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Happiness
  • Moral Virtue
  • Confucius
  • Li
  • Human

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