سنت شرح نویسی بر آثار ارسطو بر اساس دغدغه‌های متفاوت شارحان، مطالعه‌ی موردی: مقایسه شروح آمونیوس، بوئتیوس و فارابی بر فصل نهم کتاب دربارۀ عبارت ارسطو

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه حکمت و کلام، دانشکده الهیات و ادیان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

پس از جمع­آوری آثار ارسطو توسط آندرونیکوس رودسی و اهمیت یافتن آراء او در بین اندیشمندان، سنت شرح نویسی بر آثار ارسطو به طور ویژه و گسترده شروع شد. با بررسی شروح باقی­مانده این نکته برجسته می­شود که سنت شرح نویسی بر آثار ارسطو هم فی نفسه و برای درک بهتر آراء وی صورت می­گرفت که معمولاً مشائیان با این رویکرد به شرح می‌پرداختند و هم برای درک بهتر فلسفه­ی افلاطون که افلاطونیان غالباً با این نگاه آراء وی را تفسیر می­کردند. مقایسه­ی شروح آمونیوس، بوئتیوس و فارابی بر فصل نهم کتاب دربارۀ عبارت ارسطو به خوبی نشان می‌دهد چگونه هر یک از این سه فیلسوف، با دغدغه­ها و رویکردهای مختلف به شرح آراء ارسطو پرداخته­اند. آمونیوس که دغدغه­ی جمع ارسطو و افلاطون را دارد، با رویکردی الهیاتی به مباحث این فصل نگاه می­کند، بوئتیوس تلاش می­کند در همان فضای گزاره‌ها و روابط موضوعات با محمول‌هایشان، از ارسطو در برابر برداشت‌های غلط رواقیانِ ضرورت‌گرا، دفاع کند. فارابی با وجود آنکه وارث سنت آمونیوسی است، سعی می­کند از فضای منطقی خارج نشود و جایگاه منطق ارسطو را به عنوان ابزار (ارگانون) فلسفه حفظ نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Commentary Tradition on Aristotle's Works Based on the Different Concerns of the Commentators, a Case Study: Comparing the Commentaries of Ammonius, Boethius and Al-Farabi on the Ninth Chapter of the Book on Aristotle on Interpretation

نویسنده [English]

  • Maryam Salem
Department of Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

After the collection of Aristotle's works by Andronicus of Rhodes, the tradition of commenting on Aristotle's works began in a special and wide way. By examining the remaining explanations, it is highlighted that the tradition of commenting on Aristotle's works was carried out both for its own sake and for a better understanding of his opinions, which was usually used by the Peripatetics, or for a better understanding. Plato's philosophy that the Platonists usually interpreted Aristotle’s views with this aspect. A comparison of the comments of Ammonius, Boethius, and al-Farabi in the ninth chapter of the book on Aristotle on Interpretation indicates that each of these three philosophers had different concerns and approaches to the explanation of Aristotle's opinions. Ammonius, who is concerned with Aristotle and Plato, looks at the topics of this chapter with a theological approach, Boethius tries to defend Aristotle against the misconceptions of the essentialist Stoics in the space of propositions and the relationships between subjects and their predicates. Although al-Farabi is the inheritor of the tradition of Ammonius, he tries to explain this chapter in the same logical space and establishes the position of Aristotle's logic as a tool (organon) of philosophy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ammonius
  • Boethius
  • al-Farabi
  • Aristotle
  • on Interpretation
  • Commentary tradition

مراجع

Adamson, Peter S. (2017), The Arabic Plotinus: A Study of the “Theology of Aristotle” and Related Texts, U.S.A.: Gorgia Press Lc.
Alexander of Aphrodisias, (2011), “On the Soul, Part I: Soul as Form of the Body, Parts of the Soul, Nourishment, and Perception”, Ancient commentators on Aristotle, Victor Caston (transl.), Richard Sorabji (ed.), London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Alexander of Aphrodisias, (2014a), “Quaestiones 1.1-2.15”, Ancient commentators on Aristotle, R. W. Sharpies (transl.), Richard Sorabji (ed.), London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Alexander of Aphrodisias, (2014b), “Quaestiones 2.16-3.15”, Ancient commentators on Aristotle, R. W. Sharpies (transl.), Richard Sorabji (ed.), London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Alexander of Aphrodisias, (2014c), “Supplement to On the Soul”, Ancient commentators on Aristotle, R. W. Sharpies (transl.), Richard Sorabji (ed.), London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Al-Farabi, (1910), “What Should be Presented Before Learning the Philosophy of Aristotle”, in the book Principles of Ancient Philosophy, Cairo: Salafi Library.
Al-Farabi, (1970), “Explanation of the Treatise of Zeno the Great,” Al-Farabi’s Letters, Hyderabad Deccan: Council of the Ottoman Encyclopedia.
Al-Farabi, (1986), Al-Farabi’s Commentary on Aristotle’s on Interpretation, Wilhelm Curtis Al-Jeous‘i and Stanley Marrow Al-Jeous‘i (ed.), Beirut: Dar Al-Mashriq.
Al-Farabi, (1995), Opinions of the People of the Virtuous City, commentary by Ali Boumelhem, Beirut: Al-Hilal House and Library.
Al-Qifṭi, Ali Ibn Yūsuf, (1992), History of the Wise Men of Qifti, Bahman Darāʾi (ed.), Tehran: Tehran University.
Ammonius, (1998), Ammonius on Aristotle’s on Interpretation 9 with Boethius on Aristotle’s on Interpretation 9, David Blank & Norman Kretzmann (trnsl.), preface by Sorabji, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Ammonius, (2014a), “Ammonius on Aristotle on Interpretation 9 with Boethius on Aristotle on Interpretation 9”, Ancient Commentators in Aristotle, Richard Sorabji (ed.), David Blank & Norman Kretzmann, (transl).  With essays by Richard Sorabji, Norman Kretzmann, Mario Mignucci, London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Ammonius, (2014b), “On Aristotle On Interpretation 1-8”,  Ancient Commentators on Aristotle, David L. Blank (transl.), London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Ammonius, (2025), “On Aristotle On Interpretation 10–14”, in Ancient Commentators on Aristotle, ISBN 13: 9781780932071.
Aquinas, Thomas, (1999), Commentary on Aristotle’s Physics, Richard J. Blackwell, Richard J. Spath, W. Edmund Thirlkel (trans.), Introduction by Vernon J. Bourke, Notre Dame, Indiana: Yale University Press.
Aristotle, (1948), Aristotle’s Logic, Badawi, Abdul Raḥman (ed.), Cairo, Dar al-Kotob al-Misriyyah.
Aristotle, (1984), The Complete Works of Aristotle, v. 1-2, Jonathan Barnes (ed.), U.K.: Prinston University Press.
Badawi, Abdul Raḥman, (1948), Aristotle’s Logic, Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Miṣriyya.
Badawi, Abdul Raḥman, (1978), Aristotle Among the Arabs, His Studies and Unpublished Texts, second edition, Kuwait: Publications Agency.
Blank, David, (2017), “Ammonius”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ammonius.
Bobzien, Susanne, (2020), “Ancient Logic”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-ancient/
Boethius (1998), Ammonius on Aristotle’s on Interpretation 9 with Boethius on Aristotle’s on Interpretation 9, David Blank & Norman Kretzmann (trnsl.), preface by Sorabji, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Boethius (2014), “Ammonius on Aristotle on Interpretation 9 with Boethius on Aristotle on Interpretation 9”, Ancient Commentators in Aristotle, Richard Sorabji (ed.), David Blank & Norman Kretzmann, (transl.), With essays by Richard Sorabji, Norman Kretzmann, Mario Mignucci, London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Bréhier, Émile, (1995), History of Philosophy, The Spread of Greek Language and the Roman Period, v. 2, Alimorad Davoudi (transl.), Tehran: Academic Publishing Center. (In Persian)
Butterworth, Charles, Haridi, Ahmed Abdul Majeed, (1980), Introduction to the book Summary of the Book of Categories, Ibn Rushd, Mahmoud Qassem (ed.), Egypt: The Egyptian General Book Authority in cooperation with the American Research Center.
Capleston, Frederick Charles, (2007), Greece and Rome, v. 1, Sayyed Jalāl al-Din Mojtabawi (transl.), Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publication. (In Persian)
Falcon, Andera, (2021), “Commentators on Aristotle”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-commentators/
Gohlman, William E. (1974), The life of Ibn Sins, A critical edition and annotated translation, New York: State University of New York Press.
Gottschalk, Hans B. (1990), “The Earliest Aristotelian Commentators”, Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and Their Influence, Richard Sorabji (ed.), Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Helmig, Christoph, (2020), “Simplicius”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/simplicius/
Ibn Nadim, Muḥammad Ibn Isḥāq, (1967), Al-Fihrist, v.7, MuḥammadReza Tajaddod (transl.), Tehran: Bank Bazargani Iran.
Khorāsāni, Sharaf al-Din, (2005), Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Tehran: Ḥikmat. (In Persian)
Nafisi, Saʿīd , n.d, The Life of Ibn Sins with His Own and His Pupil Abu Ubaid Abdul-Wahid Jozjani Writing, Saʿīd Nafisi (transl.), Tehran: Association of book lovers. (In Persian)
Salem, Maryam, (2016), “Ammonius Hermias and His Historical Influence”, History of Philosophy, 7 (2), pp. 89-114. (In Persian)
Salem, Maryam, (2017), “Introductions of learning Aristotle's philosophy in Ammonius and al-Farabi”, Ḥikmah Sinavi, 21 (57), pp. 125-146. (In Persian)
Smith, Robin, (2022), “Aristotle’s Logic”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/
Sorabji, Richrd, (1980), Necessity, Cause and Blame: Perspective on Aristotle’s Theory, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Sorabji, Richard, (1990), “The Ancient Commentators and Their Influence”, Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and Their Influence, Richard Sorabji (ed.), Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Sorabji, Richrd, (1998), “Boethius, Ammonius and Their Different Greek Bakgrounds”, Ammonius on Aristotle’s on Interpretation 9 with Boethius on Aristotle’s on Interpretation 9, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Zacharias of Mytilene, Aeneas of Gaza, (2012), “Aeneas of Gaza: Theophrastus with Zacharias of Mytilene: Ammonius”, Ancient Commentators on Aristotle, John Dillon, Donald Russell and Sebastian Gertz (trans.), London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Zimmermann, F.W. (1981), Al-Farabi's Commentary and Short Treatise on Aristotle's de Interpretatione, translated with an introduction and notes by F.W. Zimmermann, London: Oxford University Press.
Zimmermann, F.W. (1986), The Origins of the So-Called Theology of Aristotle, London: Warburg Institute.
Westerink, L.G. (1990), “The Alexandrian Commentators and the Introductions to Their Commentaries”, Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and Their Influence, Richard Sorabji (ed.), chap. 10, pp. 325-348, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار