نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، سبزوار، ایران
2 دانشیار فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی ، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری ، سبزوار ، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)
3 دانشیار فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی ، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری ، سبزوار ، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The concept of the soul is one that humans invariably need to rely on metaphor to understand. The nature of the human mind is such that it cannot grasp abstract concepts, including the soul, without drawing on tangible, concrete domains. The cognitive theory of metaphor reveals how individuals use conceptual metaphors to comprehend intangible and abstract matters. The aim of this research is to explore anthropocentric metaphors of the soul in the philosophy of Avicenna (Ibn Sina). The main question of the study is how Avicenna acquires the ability to explain and understand through elements of meaning related to humanity. In traditional theories of metaphor, the study of anthropomorphism concerning phenomena is a linguistic process, while in cognitive theory, it is a conceptual process and a subset of ontological metaphors. Contemporary cognitive theory, known for conceptual metaphor, consists of three main components: source, target, and mapping, where the source domain aligns with the target domain through a set of correspondences that are the mappings between the source and target domains.
This study attempts to examine how the concept of the soul is conceptualized in the works of Avicenna from the perspective of anthropocentric conceptual metaphor, framed within the overarching metaphor "The soul is human," along with its related sub-metaphors. The findings indicate that this overarching metaphor is so deeply embedded in Avicenna's mind and language that discussing the soul and its functions without it is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible. If we were to strip Avicenna’s mind and language of this metaphor, many aspects and rulings related to the soul would be left inadequately described.
This research investigates the category of the soul from the perspective of the anthropocentrism of Lakoff and Johnson. Avicenna conceptualizes the soul as the target domain based on the source domain of humanity and the various attributes and dimensions of individual, social, medical, legal, political, athletic, spiritual, and physical life. Most human writings on the soul using metaphors address the relationship between the soul and the body in either a general or specific manner. The metaphors "The soul is the manager" and "The soul is the politician" analyze the relationship of the rational soul with the whole body, whereas the metaphor "The soul is cunning" illustrates the connection of the soul with one of the animalistic faculties.
In a general view, it can be said that various aspects of Avicenna's psychology can be understood and explained through human metaphors, with the most significant being the way the soul relates to higher principles, including the Active Intellect, the origination of the soul, the immateriality of the soul, the persistence of the soul, the unity of the soul, the refutation of reincarnation, and the capacity of the soul to comprehend universals while the body hinders this comprehension.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
)