امکان تفسیر نظریه‌ی ابن‌سینا درباره‌ی عرض‌بودن وحدت به عروض تحلیلی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه فلسفه و کلام، پژوهشکده‌‌ی علوم اسلامی، پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه، قم، ایران.

چکیده

نظریه­ی عرض­بودن وحدت، در آثار متعددی از ابن‌سینا به ‌چشم می‌خورد که موردتوجه شارحان و منتقدان او قرار گرفته است. بیان عرض‌بودن وحدت، به این معنا نیست که در نظر او، وحدت در یکی از مقولات نه‌گانه­ی عرضی جای می‌گیرد؛ بلکه او از عرض‌بودن، زیادت «وحدت» را بر «موضوعِ معروضِ وحدت» اراده نموده است و چنین زیادتی، تازمانی‌که به ظرف واقع سرایت نکند، می‌تواند براساس عروض تحلیلی نیز تفسیر گردد. با صرف­نظر از عبارات صریح او در خصوص «عروض خارجی وحدت»، بازخوانی آثار ابن‌سینا، بر پایه­ی پرسش از امکان تفسیر «عرض‌بودن وحدت» به «عروض تحلیلی وحدت»، سه نوع گزاره را به‌دست می‌دهد: (1) عباراتی که در نگاه ابتدایی می‌توانند دلالت بر عروض تحلیلی وحدت بر موضوعِ معروضِ وحدت داشته باشند. (2) عباراتی که در آنها درخصوص برخی از موجودات، ادعای عینیت وحدت با وجود، شده است و (3) عبارتی که بر عینیت وجود و وحدت به‌صورت مطلق، تصریح دارد. تحلیل عقلی مجموع این عبارات، ما را به این نتیجه می‌رساند که حکم صریح ابن‌سینا به عروض خارجی وحدت بر موضوع، با برخی دیگر از بیانات وی در این‌باره در تعارض است. به‌نظر می‌رسد که این تعارض یا ناشی از دگرگونی اندیشه­ی ابن‌سینا در این‌باره است و یا بر ناهمگونی در ساختار فکری او، به‌سبب عدم­درک روشن از مفاهیم فلسفی و نسبت آنها با واقع، دلالت می‌کند؛ و در نهایت، نمی‌توان دیدگاه او در عرض‌بودن وحدت را به عرض تحلیلی­بودن وحدت تفسیر کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Possibility of Interpreting Ibn Sina's Theory about the Accidentality of Unity as an Analytical Accident

نویسنده [English]

  • mohammadhadi tavakoli
Department of philosophy & kalam, Research Institute of Howzah and University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The theory of the accidentality of unity is seen in many works of Ibn Sina. It has attracted the attention of his commentators and critics. The statement that unity is an accident does not mean that, in his view, unity is included in the nine accidental categories; instead, he intended the additionality of unity to its subject and such additionality, as long as it does not extend to external occasion, can also be interpreted based on analytic accident. Leaving aside his explicit statements regarding the external accidentality of unity, an examination of Ibn Sina's works, based on the question of the possibility of interpreting the accidentality of unity as an analytic accident, yields three types of statements:  (1) Statements that, at first glance, could indicate that "unity is an analytic accident." (2) Statements according to which, in the case of some entities, the identity of unity with existence is raised. (3) A statement that states the identity of existence and unity in an absolute way. A rational analysis of all these statements leads us to conclude that Ibn Sina's statement about the external accidentality of unity contrasts with some of his other statements. This conflict seems to be due to a change in Ibn Sina's thought or an inconsistency in his intellectual structure due to a lack of a clear understanding of philosophical concepts and their relationship to reality. In any case, his view on the accidentality of unity cannot be interpreted as the external accidentality of unity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Unity
  • Analytic Accident
  • Occurance
  • Identity
  • Ibn Sina

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