تعارض سینوی در مسئله‌ی بداهت اصل علیت؛ ارزیابی دیدگاه شارحان

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکده‌ی الهیات، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه فلسفه اسلامی، دانشکده‌ی الهیات، دانشگاه امام صادق، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اصل علیت یکی از بنیادی‌ترین اصول مطرح در نظام‌های فلسفی است، هرچند در تقریر و بداهت آن اختلاف‌نظر داشته باشند. گزاره­ی «هر ممکنی محتاج علت است» تقریر ابن‌سینا از آن است. از نظر اغلب شارحانِ ابن‌سینا، وی به بداهت این اصل قائل است. در آثار او، هم شواهدی قابل­تفسیر به‌ سود بداهت این اصل و هم شواهدی قابل­تفسیر به مقابل آن، دیده می‌شود که این امر می‌تواند موهم تعارضی در بیانات وی باشد. برخی از شارحان، این تعارض را مستقر دانسته‌اند و برخی دیگر در رفع این تعارض به ‌سود بداهت اصل علیت تلاش کرده‌اند. این تحقیق که با استناد به منابع مطبوع و مخطوط سامان یافته و برای اولین بار دیدگاه برخی از این شارحان را معرفی کرده ‌است، درصدد است ضمن توصیف و تحلیل دیدگاه ایشان به ارزیابی آنها بپردازد. نتیجه­ی ارزیابی نشان می‌دهد که برخلاف دیدگاه ایشان تعارض مذکور به ‌سود عدم‌بداهت اصل علیت رفع‌شدنی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Avicennian Conflict about Self-evidence of the Principle of Causality; Evaluating the Commentators' Views

نویسندگان [English]

  • said sefidgari 1
  • majid ahsan 2
1 Master's degree, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Theology, Faculty of Theology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Islamic Philosophy, Faculty of Theology, Imam Sadegh University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The principle of causality is one of the most fundamental principles in philosophical systems, although there are differences of opinion regarding its formulation and obviousness. The statement “every possible being needs a cause” is Ibn Sina’s formulation of it. From the perspective of most commentators of Ibn Sina, he believes in the self evidence of this principle. In his works, there are both interpretable evidences in favour of the self evidence of this principle and interpretable evidences against it, which may lead to illusion of contradiction among his statements. Some commentators have considered the existence of this conflict to be insoluble, while others have tried to resolve this conflict in favor of the self-evidence of the principle of causality. This research, which is organized by citing printed and manuscript sources and has introduced the views of some of these commentators for the first time, seeks to describe and analyze their views and evaluate them. The results of the evaluation show that, contrary to their views, the aforementioned conflict can be resolved in favor of the non-self-evidence of the principle of causality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ibn Sina
  • Principle of Causality
  • Self-evidence
  • Commentators of Ibn Sina
  • The Principle of Preponderance without there Being a Preponderant

مراجع

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