امکان فقری و رابطة آن با تربیت نفس در دیدگاه ملاصدرا

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)

2 مربی گروه الهیات، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این مقاله می‌کوشد با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی‌تحلیلی و مطالعه و بررسی متون ملاصدرا نشان دهد که درک انسان از امکان فقری و تعلق وجودی خویش به خدا می‌تواند در تربیت نفس انسان مفید و مؤثر واقع شود؛ چرا که از نظر ملاصدرا قوام ممکن به واجب و قوام نفس به عقل و قوام عقل به باری تعالی است. مطابق نظر ملاصدرا وجود مساوق با خیر و سعادت است؛ اما در عین حال وجودات به واسطة کمال و نقص از هم متفاوت هستند؛ از این رو، هرچه وجود تمام‌تر باشد، سعادت او بیشتر است. وی معتقد است که وجود هر چیزی در نزد خویش لذت‌بخش است و اگر وجود سبب و مقومش نیز برایش حاصل باشد، لذت‌بخش‌تر خواهد بود؛ چرا که آن هم وجود او و کمال وجودی اوست. بنابراین اگر انسان بتواند به درجه‌ای برسد که خود را متعلق محض و عین ربط و تعلق به خداوند ببیند و امکان فقری خویش را درک نماید، می‌تواند به کمال وجودی خویش (که هدف تربیت نفس است) دست یابد. افزون بر این، درک علت و تعلق به آن سبب می‌شود تا انسان وجود خویش و ارتباط با علت وجودی خویش را دریابد و خود را نزد علت خویش حاضر و ناظر ببیند (چرا که معلول مجرد همواره نزد علت مجرد خویش حاضر است) و توجه به علت و حضور او می‌تواند زمینه‌های تربیتی را در انسان فراهم کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Essential Need to God and Its Relation with Educating the Soul from Mulla Sadra’s Viewpoint

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Samadieh 1
  • Fatemeh F azelzadeh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty Member, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran (Responsible Author)
2 Instructor of the Department of Theology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This paper tries to show descriptively and analytically that, in Mulla Sadra’s view, a human being’s understanding of the Essential Need to God and his existential dependence on Him can be effective in educating the soul; because, for Mulla Sadra, the Contingent being subsists in the Necessary Being, the soul subsists in the Intellect, and the Intellect subsists in God. According to Mulla Sadra, Existence is concomitant with Goodness and Eudaimonia. However, the existents differ from each other in perfection and imperfection. Hence, the more perfect an existent, the greater its eudaimonia. Mulla Sadra believes that the existence of everything is pleasant for it, and if it know its Existentiating Cause, its existence will be more pleasant for it, since its existentiating cause is its existential perfection. Therefore, if a human being can see him as existentially dependent on God and understand his Essential Need to God, he will achieve his existential perfection, which is the purpose of educating the soul. Furthermore, by understanding his Existentiating Cause, i.e. God, and his dependence on Him, a human being understands his existence and his existential relation with his Existentiating Cause, and sees him present with his Existentiating Cause (because the Immaterial Effect is always present with its Immaterial Existentiating Cause). This shows that attending to a human being’s Existentiating Cause, i.e. God, and His presence will have educational effects for him.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mulla Sadra
  • educating the soul
  • eudaimonia
  • the essential need to God
  • understanding the existential dependence
  • understanding the existentiating cause
Holy Quran
Ebrahimi Dinani, Gholam Hossein. (2001). General Philosophical Rules in Islamic Philosophy. Tehran: Research Institute of Human Sciences and Cultural Studies. (In Persian)
Hasanzadeh Amoli, Hassan. (2008). Persian Description of Al-Asfar al-Arbaʿa Sadr al-Mutaʾlihin Shirazi, vol. 1. Qom: Boostan Kitab. (In Persian)
Misbah Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi, and others. (2011). Philosophy of Islamic Education and Training. Tehran: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute. (In Persian)
Misbah Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi. (2014). Description of the First Volume of Al-Asfar al-Arbaʿa. Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute. (In Persian)
Mulla Sadra. (1961). Treatise on Three Principles. Sayyid Hossein Nasr (ed.). Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Mulla Sadra. (1975). Al-Mabdaʾ wal-Maʿad (The Origin and Resurrection). Jalaleddin Ashtiyani (ed.). Tehran: Iranian Wisdom and Philosophy Association.
Mulla Sadra. (1981a). Asrar al Ayat (Secrets of Verses). Muhammad Khajawi (trans.). Tehran: Iranian Wisdom and Philosophy Association. (In Persian)
Mulla Sadra. (1981b). Al-Hikmat al-Mutaʿaliyyah fi al-Asfar al-ʿAqliyyat al-Arbaʿa, vol. 1, 4 , 9. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath.
Mulla Sadra. (1981c). Al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah fi al-Manahij al-Sulukiyya. Jalaleddin Ashtiyani (ed.). Mashhad: Al-Markaz al-Jamiʿi Publishing House.
Mulla Sadra. (1984a). Asrar al-Ayat. Muhammad Khajawi (trans.). Tehran: Institute of Cultural Studies and Research. (In Persian)
Mulla Sadra. (1984b). Mafatih al-Ghaib. Muhammad Khajawi (ed.). Tehran: Cultural Research Institute.
Mulla Sadra. (1985). Al-Mazahir al-Ilahiyya. Tehran: Amir Kabir Press.
Mulla Sadra. (1989). Al-Hikmat al-Mutaʿaliyyah fi al-Asfar al-ʿAqliyyat al-Arbaʿa, vol. 9. Introduction by M. Mozafar. Qom: Al-Mustafawi School.
Mulla Sadra. (1992). Mafatih al-Ghaib (Key to the Secrets of the Quran). Muhammad Khajawi (trans.). Introduction by A. Abedi Shahroudi, in The Principles and Development of Philosophy. Tehran: Mowla Publications.
Mulla Sadra. (2001). Sharh al-Hedayah al-Athiriyyah. Muhammad Mustafa Fouladkar (ed.). Beirut: Al-Tarikh al-Arabi Institute.
Mulla Sadra. (2002a).  Kasr al-Asnam al-Jahiliyya. Muhsin Jahangiri (ed.). Tehran: Hikmat Sadra Foundation.
Mulla Sadra. (2002b). Al-Mabdaʾ wal-Maʿad (The Origin and Resurrection). A. Al-Husseini Ardakani (trans.), A. Noorani (ed.). Tehran: Academic Publishing Center. (In Persian)
Mulla Sadra. (2008a). Al-Mazahir al-Ilahiyya fi Asrar al-ʿUlum al-Kamaliyya. Muhammad Khamenei (ed.). Tehran: Hikmat Sadra Foundation.
Mulla Sadra. (2008b). Al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah. Translated by Ali Babaei with commentaries by Mulla Hadi Sabzevari. Tehran: Mowla Publications. (In Persian)
Shirwani, Ali. (1998). Philosophical Terms of Bidayat al-Hikmah va Nahayat al-Hikmah. Qom: Daftar Tablighat-i Islami. (In Persian)
Tabatabaei, Muhammad Hossein. (1999). Tafsir al-Mizan. Mohammad Baqer Mousavi (trans.). Qom: Qom Seminary Community. (In Persian)
Tabatabai, Muhammad Hossein. (2010). Nihayat al-Hikmah. Ali Shirwani (trans.). Qom: Boostan Kitab. (In Persian)