امکان فقری و رابطة آن با تربیت نفس در دیدگاه ملاصدرا

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)

2 مربی گروه الهیات، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این مقاله می‌کوشد با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی‌تحلیلی و مطالعه و بررسی متون ملاصدرا نشان دهد که درک انسان از امکان فقری و تعلق وجودی خویش به خدا می‌تواند در تربیت نفس انسان مفید و مؤثر واقع شود؛ چرا که از نظر ملاصدرا قوام ممکن به واجب و قوام نفس به عقل و قوام عقل به باری تعالی است. مطابق نظر ملاصدرا وجود مساوق با خیر و سعادت است؛ اما در عین حال وجودات به واسطة کمال و نقص از هم متفاوت هستند؛ از این رو، هرچه وجود تمام‌تر باشد، سعادت او بیشتر است. وی معتقد است که وجود هر چیزی در نزد خویش لذت‌بخش است و اگر وجود سبب و مقومش نیز برایش حاصل باشد، لذت‌بخش‌تر خواهد بود؛ چرا که آن هم وجود او و کمال وجودی اوست. بنابراین اگر انسان بتواند به درجه‌ای برسد که خود را متعلق محض و عین ربط و تعلق به خداوند ببیند و امکان فقری خویش را درک نماید، می‌تواند به کمال وجودی خویش (که هدف تربیت نفس است) دست یابد. افزون بر این، درک علت و تعلق به آن سبب می‌شود تا انسان وجود خویش و ارتباط با علت وجودی خویش را دریابد و خود را نزد علت خویش حاضر و ناظر ببیند (چرا که معلول مجرد همواره نزد علت مجرد خویش حاضر است) و توجه به علت و حضور او می‌تواند زمینه‌های تربیتی را در انسان فراهم کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Essential Need to God and Its Relation with Educating the Soul from Mulla Sadra’s Viewpoint

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Samadieh 1
  • Fatemeh F azelzadeh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty Member, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran (Responsible Author)
2 Instructor of the Department of Theology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This paper tries to show descriptively and analytically that, in Mulla Sadra’s view, a human being’s understanding of the Essential Need to God and his existential dependence on Him can be effective in educating the soul; because, for Mulla Sadra, the Contingent being subsists in the Necessary Being, the soul subsists in the Intellect, and the Intellect subsists in God. According to Mulla Sadra, Existence is concomitant with Goodness and Eudaimonia. However, the existents differ from each other in perfection and imperfection. Hence, the more perfect an existent, the greater its eudaimonia. Mulla Sadra believes that the existence of everything is pleasant for it, and if it know its Existentiating Cause, its existence will be more pleasant for it, since its existentiating cause is its existential perfection. Therefore, if a human being can see him as existentially dependent on God and understand his Essential Need to God, he will achieve his existential perfection, which is the purpose of educating the soul. Furthermore, by understanding his Existentiating Cause, i.e. God, and his dependence on Him, a human being understands his existence and his existential relation with his Existentiating Cause, and sees him present with his Existentiating Cause (because the Immaterial Effect is always present with its Immaterial Existentiating Cause). This shows that attending to a human being’s Existentiating Cause, i.e. God, and His presence will have educational effects for him.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mulla Sadra
  • educating the soul
  • eudaimonia
  • the essential need to God
  • understanding the existential dependence
  • understanding the existentiating cause

مراجع

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