مسئله خویشتن‌یابی در روان درمانی وجودی؛ مقایسه دیدگاه صدرا و ون دورزن

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکده علوم و تحقیقات اسلامی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه آموزشی فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی، دانشکده علوم و تحقیقات اسلامی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه آموزشی فلسفه و حکمت اسلامی دانشگاه بین‌الملل امام خمینی قزوین

4 دانشیار گروه آموزشی روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

ون‌دورزن، روان‌درمانگر وجودی با بررسی مؤلفه‌‌‌های  متعدد درمانِ وجودی، خودتأملی و خویشتن‌یابی را مؤلفة اصلی‌ این نگرش دانسته، معتقد است که انسان با وجودی متفاوت با سایر موجودات و هویتی سیال و پویا، خود وجود و هویت خویشتن را تعیین می‌کند. ملاصدرا نیز با توجه به هویت سیال و پویای انسان معتقد است که وجود انسان محدود و منحصر به این  عالم نیست، خود عوالم و نشئات وجودی متعددی دارد و در هر عالم، نشئه‌ای  متناسب با آن می‌یابد. انسان با اراده و اختیار خود، جایگاه خویش را در نظام هستی تعیین می‌کند و می‌تواند با ارتقای وجودش تا مرتبة وجود عقلی، عالمی‌ عقلی مشابه عالم عینی گردد. هر دو متفکر در برخورداری انسان از وجودی سیال و پویا و خودی «خودتعیین‌گر» اتفاق نظر دارند. چنانکه از جایگاه مؤلفة خویشتن‌یابی‌ در درمان وجودی و نگرش صدرا دربارة‌ این مؤلفه بر می‌آید؛ دیدگاه صدرا دربارة خویشتن‌یابی می‌تواند مبنای درمان وجودی در فرهنگ‌ ایرانی- اسلامی ‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Self-Discovery in Existential Psychotherapy: Comparing the Views of Sadra and Van Deurzen

نویسندگان [English]

  • fateme fazelzade 1
  • Majid mollayousefi 2
  • mohammadjavad Shams 3
  • Ali Reza Kakavand 4
1 PhD student of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and Research, Imam Khomeini International University (RA), Qazvin, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Wisdom, Faculty of Islamic Sciences and Research, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of the Educational Department of Islamic Philosophy and Wisdom of Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin
4 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University (RA), Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Van Deurzen, an existential psychotherapist, identifies self-reflection and self-discovery as the core components of existential therapy through her examination of its various aspects. She posits that humans, distinct from other creatures, possess a fluid and dynamic identity. This, according to her, allows individuals to determine their own existence and identity. Mulla Sadra, on the other hand, acknowledging the fluidity and dynamism of human identity, proposes that human existence extends beyond this world, encompassing multiple worlds and levels of existence, and within each world, individuals find a corresponding level of existence, so that through their own free will, humans determine their position in this system of existence. By elevating their existence to the level of rational existence, they can transform themselves into a rational world akin to the objective world. This paper aims to demonstrate, based on the views of these two thinkers on human beings’ fluid and dynamic existence, the self-determining nature of the human self, the place of self-discovery in existential therapy, and Sadra's perspective on self-discovery, that Sadra’s view can potentially serve as the foundation for an existential therapy within Iranian-Islamic culture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emmy Van Deurzen
  • Mulla Sadra
  • existential psychotherapy
  • existence
  • self-discovery
Holy Quran.
Binswanger, L. (1958). “The Existential School of Thought.” In Existence, edited by Rollo May, Ernest Angel, and Henri F. Ellenbrger. New York: Basic Books. (Originally published in 1946)
Changi Ashtiyani, Mehri. (2019). “Anthropology from the Perspectives of Kant and Mulla Sadra”. Analytical Philosophy, 34: 133-154. (In Persian)
Corvez, Maurice. (1999). Heidegger's Philosophy. Translated by Mahmud Navali. Tehran: Hikmat. (In Persian)
Heidegger, Martin. 2010. Being and Time. Translated by Siyavash Jamadi. Tehran: Quqnus. (In Persian)
Husseini Ardakani, Ahmad ibn Muhammad. (1996). Merʾat al-Akvan (Sharh-i al-Hidayaht al-Athiriyyah of Mulla Sadra). Edited by Abdullah Nurani. Tehran: Miras-i Maktub. (In Persian)
Jabari, Akbar. (2015). Dasein-analysis or Analysis of Dasein: Introduction to Heidegger’s Existential Psychotherapy. Tehran: Pursish. (In Persian)
Javadi Amuli, Abdullah. (2010). Rahiq-i Makhtum, Vol. 16. Qom: Asraʾ. (In Persian)
Luckner, Andreas. (2014). An Introduction to Being and Time. Translated by Ahmadali Hiydari. Tehran: ʿIlmi. (In Persian)
May, Rollo, Ernest Angel, & Henri F. Ellenberger. (1958 [1946]). Existence. New York: Basic Books.
Mulla Sadra. (1961). Risalih-yi Si Asl. Edited by Sayyid Hossein Nasr. Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Mulla Sadra. (1975). Al-Mabdaʾ wal-Maʿad. Edited by Sayyid Jalaleddin Ashtiyani. Tehran: Iranian Wisdom & Philosophy Institute. (In Arabic)
Mulla Sadra. (1981a). Asrar al-Ayat. Translated by Muhammad Khwajawi. Tehran: Iranian Wisdom & Philosophy Institute. (In Persian)
Mulla Sadra. (1981b). Al-Hikmat al-Mutaʿaliyyah fil-Asfar al-Aqliyyat al-Arbaʿah, Vol. 1, 9. Beirut: Dar Ihyaʾ al-Turath. (In Arabic)
Mulla Sadra. (1982). Iqaz-i al-Naʾimin. Edited by b Mohsen Muʾayyidi. Tehran: Iranian Wisdom & Philosophy Institute. (In Arabic)
Mulla Sadra. (1987). Sharh-i ʾUsul-i al-Kafi li-Sadr alMutaʾallihin. Edited by Muhammad Khwajawi, annotated by Ali ʿAbidi Shahrudi. Tehran: Institute for Cultural Studies and Research. (In Arabic)
Mulla Sadra. (1998). Tafsir al-Quʾran al-Karim, Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar al-Taʿaruf  al-Matbuʿat. (In Arabic)
Mulla Sadra. (1999). Al-Hikmat al-Mutaʿaliyyah fil-Asfar al-Aqliyyat al-Arbaʿah, Vol. 8. Beirut: Dar Ihyaʾ al-Turath al-Arabi. (In Arabic)
Mulla Sadra. (2002a). Kasr al-Asnam al-Jahiliyya. Edited by Mohsen Jahangiri. Tehran: Sadra Islamic Philosophy Research Institute. (In Arabic)
Mulla Sadra. (2002b). Mabdaʾ wa Maʿad. Translated by Al-Husseini al-Ardakani, edited by Abdullah Nurani. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Daneshgahi. (In Persian)
Mulla Sadra. (2007). Al-Hikmat al-Mutaʿaliyyah fil-Asfar al-Aqliyyat al-Arbaʿah, Vol. 6. Qom:  Taliʿat al-Noor. (In Arabic)
Mulla Sadra. (2008). Shawahid al-Rububiyyah. Translated by Ali Babaʾi, with annotations of Mulla Hadi Sabzewari. Tehran: Mawla. (In Persian)
Salvati, Abdullah, & Shahnaz Shayanfar. (2015). “Influence of Mulla Sadra’s Anthropology on Diversity of Meaning of Life”. Falsafe va Kalam-e Eslami, 48 (1): 69-82. (In Persian)
Shajari, Murtiza, & Jaʿfar Muhammadalizade. (2012). “The Connection of Human Being’s Levels and the Degrees of Existence in Mulla Sadra”. Religious Anthroplogy, 9 (27): 5-27. (In Persian)
Van Deurzen, Emmy, & Claire Arnold-Baker (eds.). (2005). Existential Perspectives on Human Issues: A Handbook for Therapeutic Practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
Van Deurzen, Emmy, & Claire Arnold-Baker. (2020). Existential Therapy: Distinctive Features. Translated by Muhammad Hosseini, and Mustafa Qalavand. Tehran: Danjeh. (In Persian)
Van Deurzen, Emmy, & Martin Adams. (2014). Skills in Existential Counselling and Psychotherapy. Translated by Iman Yusufzadeh, and Ilham Zaman. Tehran: Danjeh. (In Persian)
Van Deurzen, Emmy. (2015). Existential Counselling & Psychotherapy in Practice. Translated by Ahmadreza Kiyani & Yasaman Jamshidian. Tehran: Arjamand. (In Persian)
Van Deurzen, Emmy. (2019). Existential Counselling & Psychotherapy in Practice. Translated and compiled by Maryam Safara, Malik Alirezaʾi, and Naʿimih Nikʿamal. Tehran: Andishih Ehsan. (In Persian)