This study employs a historical-analytical method to reinterpret religious texts and traditions beyond their role as sources of jurisprudential inference, situating them within the geographical and social context of early Islam to avoid abstract interpretations. It examines the Prophet’s encounters with Quraysh polytheists, surrounding pagan tribes, and the People of the Book, particularly Hijazi Jews, during the first sixteen years of his mission (thirteen in Mecca and three in Medina). In Mecca, patience and avoidance of combat prevailed. Following the Hijra and Quraysh’s seizure of emigrants’ property, military actions aimed at recovering assets, countering threats, and defending Medina, leading to confrontations such as Badr. Findings indicate that these actions were predominantly containment-oriented or based on active defense. Against Banū Asad and Ghaṭafān, the Prophet sought to preemptively disperse threatening forces, prevent attacks, and establish deterrence. According to historical accounts, the confrontation with Banū Qaynuqāʿ followed their breach of covenant. Thus, although Muslims sometimes acted militarily preemptively, no clear evidence indicates wars initiated independently of prior threats and conflicts. Military actions primarily responded to past injustices, protected Medina, contained threats, and countered covenant violations.